Torque
Torque was most likely developed from the Barbette around the mid 13th century. The sides went from straight to tapered. The way the veil was worn with it changed with time. In the late 14th early 15th century the top of the torque became closed. The Torque was warn by most classes but the higher classes used more elaborate and expensive fabrics as well as jewels and pearls.
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Torque Closed
Torque Open
13th century Torque